https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323448256_Allelopathic_effects_of_Cynara_cardunculus_L_leaf_aqueous_extracts_on_seed_germination_of_some_Mediterranean_weed_species
It is known that the presence of weeds causes
serious losses to the agricultural production, both in quantitative and
qualitative terms. The major problem in modern agriculture is the environmental
impact of synthetic herbicides and the increase in herbicide-resistant weed
species. Allelopathic compounds can be used to develop a sustainable weed
management system based on natural products. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extracts (40 and 80%)
obtained from Cynara cardunculus L.
plant species on seed germination and mean germination time of six common weeds
in Mediterranean agroecosystems: Amaranthus retroflexus L., Diplotaxis
erucoides (L.) DC., Portulaca oleracea L., Lavatera arborea L., Brassica
campestris L. and Solanum nigrum L. Effects varied with the weed species and
the concentrations of the extracts. On average, the aqueous leaf extracts
significantly reduced the final percentage of seed germination compared to the
control for A. retroflexus (–58.1%), D. erucoides (–43.9%) and P. oleracea (–42.5%). The rate of
germination decreased with increasing extract concentration. In C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris the autoallelopathic activity
also was demonstrated. These results are very promising in order to produce a
bioherbicide based on C. cardunculus
allelochemicals.
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